Burman describes this as a major gap in the knowledge base of Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a treatment. Long term side effects have been much less studied. These short term side effects or acute toxicity is directly related to the intensity and invasiveness of the cytotoxic immunosuppressive treatment and damaged immune system. Antibiotics are commonly needed to help combat bacterial infections that may occur after cytotoxic drug intake. Some of the short term side effects of HSCT are alopecia (loss of hair), anemia, leucopenia (lowered white blood cell count - a decrease in disease-fighting cells in your body), and fever with or without a blood bacterial infection. These are divided into long-term side effects and acute toxicity (describes adverse effects of a substance in a short amount of time). HSCT has also shown the ability to help patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a genetically inherited red blood cell disorder.Īccording to Burman et al., there can be a variety of adverse reactions from Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be used for a variety of neurological or neuroinflammatory conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis Optica, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating PolyNeuropathy, and Myasthenia Gravis. What is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) used for? (3) Hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, the stem cells must first be mobilized via certain drug administration before extraction from the patient. A hematopoietic stem cell is a type of stem cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Rather than an alternative type of stem cell therapy.Īlso known as stem cells obtained from blood. Therefore Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) should generally be considered a form of high dose immunosuppressive therapy with hematopoietic stem cell support. The term "autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation" can be misleading since the autologous stem cells are a supportive blood product that helps to speed up recovery after intense immunosuppressive therapy. "HSCs do not differentiate into neurons, and there is no evidence that they can repair damaged central nervous system (CNS) tissue." one misconception is that the Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the therapeutic product which they are not. (1) Thus if the immune system is destroyed, it will be reset and therefore will not malfunction as it did previously.Īccording to Burman et al. states that the basis of HSCT operates on the belief that the origin of neurological conditions lie exclusively in the immune system and is dependant on immunological memory. The immune system can take up to 3-6 months to rebuild itself.Ī recently published study by Burman et al. Bone Marrow Transplantation (HSCT) can be broken down into four separate parts:ġ) Mobilization: drugs are administered to help mobilize hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow (stimulate stem cell production within bone marrow stem cells & promote release into the blood) (5)Ģ) Harvest: the cells are obtained/extracted from the patients bone marrow (autologous cell extraction)ģ) Conditioning: cytotoxic drugs (chemotherapy) or radiation are used to "destroy" or "reset" the immune systemĤ) Infusion: administration of autologous Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from bone marrow to help speed up recovery.
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